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Balance- Principle of Design

To understand balance, think of a balance beam. When objects are of equal weight (visual weight), they are in balance. When they are not of equal weight they are out of balance.  If you have several small items on one side, they can be balanced by a large object on the other side.

Horizontal Balance

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When components are balanced left and right of a central axis they are balanced horizontally.

 

When components are balanced above and below they are balanced vertically.

 

 

When components are distributed around the center point, this is called radial balance. It is very easy to maintain a focal point in radial balance, since all the elements lead your eye toward the center.

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Visual balance is when the artist creates an illusion of balance.

 

Symmetrical balance is a mirror image balance. If you draw a line down the center of the picture, all the objects on one side of the screen will be mirrored on the other side. 

 

Using symmetry in a design produces a sense of stability and a lack of tension that requires little work on the part of the viewer.

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Symmetrical balance can be achieved in two ways. One way is by “pure symmetry,” and the other way is by “approximate symmetry.”

In pure symmetry identical parts are equally distributed on either side of the central axis in mirror-like repetition. A good example of pure symmetry is the human face.

 

It is the same on both the right side and the left side of the nose. Pure symmetry has its place in certain art works, however, because of its identical repetition, pure symmetry for a composition can easily become too monotonous and uninteresting to look at.

 

In approximate symmetry the parts are similar (but not exact) on either side of a central axis. They may give a feeling of the exactness or equal relationship but are sufficiently varied to prevent visual monotony (not boring).

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Asymmetrical balance occurs when several smaller items on one side are balanced by a large item on the other side, or smaller items are placed further away from the center of the screen than larger items. One darker item may need to be balanced by several lighter items.

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Georgia O'Keefe 

This painting is asymmetrically balanced because the left side has the flower and the landscape is slightly higher than the right side.  The image would be less visually interesting otherwise.

Formal Balance is a specific form of symmetrical balance commonly used during Gothic and Renaissance Art.  It contains a central focal point, elements that are distributed equally on each side in a descending triangular pattern, and then a row of symmetrical balance below.

Radial balance is a form of balance that looks at lines that circle and diverge into the center. They can occur naturally or can be created.  Think about a lizard’s tail curling up or an aerial photo of a circular staircase. There are many examples of balance found in nature.

Questions

  1. Why is balance so important in a good composition?

  2. In what way is asymmetry beneficial to the artist?

 

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Presentation slideshow

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