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Contrast- Principle of Design

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Contrast is everything in art. Without it, you may as well leave the canvas blank.

It is one of the principles of design which refers to the striking difference between two elements of art. For example, there is a strong contrast when you place a vivid red next to a dull green, or a rough texture next to a smooth texture, or a hard edge next to a soft edge, and so on.

With clever use of contrast you can focus attention on your key features in your design. Knowing when to create a stunning contrast and when to leave an area slightly uninviting is a powerful skill which separates good artists from great artists.

Contrast occurs when two related elements are different. The greater the difference the greater the contrast.

 

According to some the major contrast in a painting should be located at the center of interest. Too much contrast scattered throughout a painting can destroy unity and make a work difficult to look at.

 

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The key to working with contrast is to make sure the differences are obvious.

The most common ways of creating contrast are by creating differences in:

  • Color — complimentary colors on the color wheel, i.e. red vs. green, blue vs. orange, yellow vs. violet

  • Hue — saturated vs. muted colors

  • Movement — fast vs. slow

  • Shape — organic vs. geometric shapes

  • Size — large vs. small shapes

  • Space — positive vs. negative

  • Temperature — warm vs. cool

  • Texture — rough vs. smooth

  • Value — light vs. dark

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The Significance of Contrast

Contrast is significant because it adds variety to the total design and creates unity. It draws the viewer’s eye into the painting and helps to guide the viewer around the art piece.

Contrast also adds visual interest. Most designs require a certain amount of contrast, if there is too much similarity of the components in any design, it will become monotonous. Too little contrast results in a design that is bland and uninteresting to view. However, don’t over do it as too much contract can cause the design to be confusing. It takes just the right amount of contrast to engage the viewer’s participation in comparing various components of the work. For instance, the viewer will compare light and dark areas of a painting, wide lines and thin lines, light-weight forms and heavy forms, filled spaces and unfilled spaces, etc.

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Vincent van Gogh relied heavily on hue contrast, using sharp jumps between complementary colors to create a stunning effect.

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