top of page

Space- Element of Art

Rockets move through outer space.  People move through inner space of rooms and buildings.

 

Space is the element of art that refers to the emptiness or area between, around, above, below or within objects. All objects take up space.  You, for example, are a living, breathing form moving through space.

In 2D and 3D art, we call the shape or form positive space.  The empty spaces around the shape are called negative space. In 2D art, artists use space to create an illusion of depth.

  • Changes in value: the closest area is the brightest while the shaded or dark areas show areas farther away.

  • Color: the brightest is the closest, the dullest or lightest further away.

  • Detail: objects with clear sharp edges and visible details seem closer than blurred or hazy forms in the distance.

  • Overlapping: when objects are partially obscured by other objects in front of them, we think they are further back.

  • Perspective: 1 point, 2 point and 3 point defines space using a horizon line and a vanishing point.

Screen Shot 2021-11-02 at 1.32.48 PM.png

M.C Escher
Cubic Space Division 1952 Lithiograph

 

space 2.png

There are two types of space that exist within art — positive space and negative space. Positive space is the actual objects or shapes within an artwork and negative space is the space around and between those objects. A good way to demonstrate positive and negative space is by utilizing Rubin’s vase. (Refer to illustration.) As you can see the vase occupies what would be referred to as positive space and the space surrounding the vase is negative space. Notice how the negative space is forming silhouettes of two faces in profile.

The tools needed for creating the illusion of three-dimensional space are:

  • Size relationship

  • Changing size and placement of related objects

  • Linear perspective

  • Relative hue and value

  • Atmospheric perspective

  • Changing the details of objects relative to their distance 

Deep Space

When used effectively all of these tools to create the illusion of three-dimensional space will create a sense of what is referred to as deep space within your painting. In deep space there are three terms used to describe depth:

  • Foreground is the area of a painting that visually appears closest to the viewer. It is often located on a lower plane or bottom of the canvas.

  • Middle ground is space that makes up the distance between the foreground and background of a painting. There is no specific measurement for what the limits are. Typically it is located somewhere on the middle plane of the canvas.

  • Background is the area of a painting that visually appears to be far away in the distance at or near the horizon. It is usually located on a higher plane of the canvas.

#10.png
#9.png

Presentation slideshow

bottom of page