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Italy: Center of the Renaissance

As you might have guessed from all the references to Florence, the arts that emerged from the Renaissance began in Florence, Italy.

Art seemed to explode from every corner of the city, and Florentines were excited by art and by life.

This period of rebirth came about as wealth and prosperity increased after the Dark and Middle Ages, starting with banking families in Florence.

These families and other rich, influential people began to commission work. Also, the church remained a constant customer, so demand for art was high.

Later, artists would accept commissions outside of Florence in Rome and Venice. This gave them the chance to travel, find inspiration in other cities, and influence other artists in their turn.

Complete the questions on your study guide as you work through this activity. Reviewing your notes before quizzes and tests will help you succeed. You'll be able to check your answers once you've completed the study activity.

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A picture of Florence, Italy, with Giotto's bell tower. Giotto had great influence on the Florentine artists of the Renaissance.

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Check Your Understanding

Completed between 1420 and 1425, Jan van Eyck's Crucifixion now hangs in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

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Botticelli's The Birth of Venus

Although he did pay attention to balance like his Florentine contemporaries, Sandro Botticelli was more interested in the poetic side of the Classical world.

The Birth of Venus, commissioned by a member of the Medici family, is considered Botticelli's masterpiece. In it, heavenly Venus (the Roman goddess of love) floats across the ocean in front of a serene, flat background.

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Van der Weyden's The Descent from the Cross, circa 1435

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The Northern Legacy

By 1430, the style of Flemish painters — including Robert Campin, the Van Eyck brothers, and Rogier van der Weyden — spread to France and Germany. By the 1450s, it dominated art from Spain all the way to England.

Through aerial perspective, deep space, heavy layers of oil paint, and an attention to the emotional reality of their figures, the Northern International Gothic style artists redirected the course of art history.

Even without the mathematical precision of linear perspective, their paintings still managed to capture an emotional, vibrant, and realistic vision of the world.

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On the Web...

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On the Web...

  • Titian, Tintoretto, Veronese: Rivals in Renaissance Venice

  • Titian wasn't the only great Venetian painter of the sixteenth century. In fact, there was a strong rivalry between him and two other important artists of the time. To learn more about this artistic battle, visit the link above at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston.

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On the Web...

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